本节目的主要资金来源于: Major funding for this program provided by:
国家人文基金会 The National Endowment for the Humanities
因为民主需要智慧 Because democracy demands wisdom
何鸿毅家族基金 THE ROBERT H.N.HO FAMILY FOUNDATION
其他资金来源于 Additional funding provided by
亚瑟 瓦伊宁 戴维斯基金会 by the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations
致力于通过教育增强美国的未来 Dedicated to strengthening America's future through education...
真如苑基金会 奔帕基金会和 鲁宾基金会
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以及像您这样的观众给予公共广播电视台的赞助 And by contributions to your PBS station from Viewers Like You
谢谢 Thank You
[Bell tolls]
两千五百年前 2,500 years ago
在印度和尼泊尔的边境的一个土壤肥沃的山谷 nestled in a fertile valley along the border between India and Nepal,
一个小孩诞生了，这就是日后的佛陀 a child was born who was to become the Buddha
传说，在他出生以前 The stories say that before his birth,
他的母亲，当时是一个印度小国的王后 his mother, the queen of s small India kindom,
做了一个梦 had a dream
一只美丽的白象 送给王后一朵荷花 A beautiful white elephant offered the queen a lotus flower
然后从她的侧旁进入她的身体 And then entered the side of her body
当智者被请来解梦 When sages were asked to interpret the dream
他们预言王后将生一个儿子 They predicted the queen would give birth to a son
儿子命中注定会成为 伟大的统治者或者圣人 Destined to become either a great ruler or a holy man
他们说，有一天他将征服这个世界 One day, they said, he would either conquer the world
或者将得道成为佛陀 or become an enlightened being, the Buddha
人们都喜欢听故事，我们能从中长见识 People like stories. It is one of the ways we learn.
佛陀的一生是一个典型的旅程 The story of the Buddha's life is an archetypal journey,
但故事只是达到目的的手段，而不是目的本身 [诗人 Poet] But it is a means to an end. It is not an end.
不到十个月，大树伸出一个树枝来搀扶王后 Within 10 months, as a tree lowered a branch to support her
一个男婴从王后的身侧诞生了 A baby boy was born, emerging from her side
七天以后，王后去世了 7 days later, the queen died
世界充满了痛苦和悲伤。 The world is filled with pain and sorrow
佛陀有一天会这么教导我们 The Buddha would one day teach
"但是我找到了安宁"，他告诉跟随他的人 “But I have found a serenity,” he told his followers,
"你们也可以找到" “that you can find, too.”
大家都明白 苦难 Everybody understands suffering.
它是我们跟大家共享的东西 It is something that we all share with everybody else.
是既完全私密，同时又完全共享的东西 It's at once utterly intimate and utterly shared.
所以佛陀说 So Buddha says,
"从这里开始，这就是我们开始的地方" 诗人 “That's a place to begin. That's where we begin”
不管你的境况如何 No matter what your circumstances,
最终你都会失去你所真爱的一切 You will end up losing everything you love.
你会变老，你会生病 You will end up aging, you will end up ill,
问题是我们得思考 And the problem is that we need to figure out
如何接受这一切 How to make that all be all right .
实际上他所说的是，人生是极乐的 What he actually said was that life is blissful.
欢欣无处不在，只是我们心灵封闭 视而不见 There's joy everywhere, only we're closed off to it.
佛陀的教导 就是如何揭开 His teachings were actually about opening up
现实生活欢欣喜悦的本质 the joyful or blissful nature of reality,
但是这种欢欣和喜悦是短暂无常的 But the bliss and the joy is in the transitoriness
“你看到这个玻璃杯吗？我很喜欢这个玻璃杯” [精神病专家兼作家] do you see this glass? I love this glass.
"玻璃杯盛着水 我轻敲一下，杯子发出好听的声音 It holds the water admirably, When I tap it, it has a lovely ring.
"当阳光照在杯子上，杯子把美丽的阳光折射开 When the sun shines on it, it reflects the light beautifully.
"但是风吹过，杯子从书架上掉下来摔碎了 But when the wind blows and the glass falls off the shelf and breaks
"或者如果被我的手肘碰到杯子，掉在地上 Or if my elbow hits it and it falls to the ground
"我说，'当然 I say , of course,
"但是当我知道玻璃杯已经打破 But when I know that the glass is already broken,
"跟杯子一起的每一分钟 都是宝贵的" Every minute with it is precious
每个人都想得到幸福快乐
而佛陀跟老师一样
你是你自己的主人
将来，所有的事情
都由你自己的肩膀来承担 [达赖喇嘛尊者]
佛陀的责任是
给你指路，仅此而已
每个人的眼里都有佛陀 The Buddha can shine out from the eyes of anybody
在每个普通人生的磕磕碰碰中，随时随地 Inside the buffeting of an ordinary human life, at any moment.
佛陀找到的东西，我们也能找到 What the Buddha found, we can find
佛陀
由理查吉尔讲述 布莱尔布朗参与 Narrated by Richard Gere with Blarir Brown
由大卫葛南比编剧兼导演 Written and Directed by David Grubin
[方言的祈祷声 ] [Chanting in native language]
在尼泊尔南部，喜玛拉雅山 山脚 In southern Nepal, at the foot of the Himalayas,
有世界上最神圣的地方之一，蓝比尼 Is one of world's holiest places, Lumbini
传说，这就是佛陀诞生的地方 Where, according to the sacred tales, the Buddha was born
今天世界各国的佛教徒 Today Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world
不远万里，来此朝圣 Make their way here to be in the presence of the sage
佛陀的故事 跟几个世纪以来的轶事和传奇分不开 Whose life story is inseparable from centuries of anecdotes and legends
关于佛陀，有数不清的故事 There are countless stories of the Buddha
每个传统、每个文化、每个时代，都有自己的故事 Each tradition, each culture, each time period has their own stories
我们有许多图像和艺术品，反映这些叙述 We have lots of visual narratives and artwork
他们来自亚洲各佛教地区 From all over Buddhist Asia
但最早的文字记录实际上… But the first written material, actually...
巴纳德学院
…有关佛陀的第一个传记实际上, 佛陀去世五百年以后才出现 The first biography, say, of the Buddha ,really, we don't see that before about 500 years after his death.
最初的几个世纪，有关佛陀的叙述都是口头的 For the first few centuries, Buddhist narrative was oral.
从历史上说，这些都是根据发生的事情而叙述的 Historically, it is based on something certainly that happened
当时肯定有人跟乔达摩佛陀通过书信 There must have been someone who corresponded with Gautama Buddha
但是我们无法得知 But we don't know
我们不知道其中有多少是纯粹的神话 We don't know how much of it is pure fairy tale
其中有多少是史实 And how much of it is historic fact
但是没关系 But it doesn't matter
大致跟我们基本上知道的还是相关的 It touches something that we all basically know
相关的东西在故事的寓意里 The relevance of it is in the message of the story
故事的旨意 The promise of the story
跟其他好故事一样，教给我们很多东西 Like any good story, it has a lot to teach.
佛陀的生平故事,是宣讲佛教的一个好方法 So the story of his life then is a beautiful way of telling the teaching
佛陀说，"看到我的人也看到教义" He who sees me sees the teaching, the Buddha said
"看到教义的人也看到我" And he who sees the teaching sees me
佛陀出生在耶稣基督诞生五百年前 Born some 500 years before the birth of Jesus
佛陀在一个小镇长大，这个小镇早已不复存在 The Buddha would grow to manhood in a town vanished long ago
几乎三十年里, 他看不到小镇外的世界 For nearly 3 decades, he would see nothing of the world beyond
悉达多 第一部分 Siddhartha Part 1
传说他是一个国王的儿子 The tales say he was the son of a king
生长在王宫里，享受着无尽的荣华富贵 Raised in a palace with every imaginable luxury
他的名字叫悉达多乔达摩, 武士家族的一个王子 He was called Siddhartha Gantama , a prince among a clan of warriors
"我小时候"他说 When I was a child,he said
"我是在百般宠爱、百般呵护中长大的 I was delicately brought up,most delicately.
"每天不分昼夜，都有人给我撑着白色遮阳伞 A white sunshade was held over me day and night to
保护我不受风吹日晒，灰尘雨露 Protect me from cold, heat, dust, dirt, and dew
"我父亲给我三个荷花池... 一个开满红荷,一个开满白荷,一个开满蓝荷 My father gave me 3 lotus ponds: one where red lotuses bloomed One where white lotuses bloomed, one where blue lotuses bloomed
他父亲一心想让他成为国王 The father wants him to be a king
想让他征服整个世界，成为印度国的皇帝 Wants him to conquer the world and to be the emperor of India
印度国当时由十六个王国组成 Which at that time was 16 different kingdoms
当时的预测是只要他想要的，他都能够征服 And it was predicted that he would be able to conquer
如果他继续当国王的话 [哥伦比亚大学] Wherever he wanted if he remained an a king
因此父亲创造了这种人为的环境来溺爱他 So the father was creating this artificial environment to coddle him
他父亲想方设法, 不让他看到世上有任何不如意的事情 His father wanted to prevent him from ever noticing that anything might be wrong with the world
因为他希望儿子会待在他们了解和喜欢的生活里 Because he hoped that he would stay in the life they knew and loved
而不是像他出生时智者所预言的，离家出走 成为人们的精神领袖，而不是当国王 And not go off,as was predicted at his birth,and possibly Become a spiritual teacher rather than a king
避免一切苦难, 悉达多生活在纯粹的享乐当中 Shielded from pain and suffering ,Siddhatha indulged in a life of pure pleasure
一切冲动都得到满足，一切欲望都得以实现 Every whim satisfied,every desire fulfilled
"我享受着锦衣玉食 I wore the most costly garments,ate the finest foods.
"身边美女如云" I was surrounded by beautiful women
[Thunder]
"雨季我待在宫中 During the rainy season,I stayed in my palace
"乐师和舞女为我歌舞升平 Where I was entertained by musicians and dancing girls.
"我从来没有想到过要离开" I never even thought of leaving
他十六岁那年，他父亲为了把他更牢牢地拴在宫廷生活 When he was 16,his father,drawing him tighter into palace life
让他跟他表妹成亲 Married him to his cousin
很快他们就坠入爱河 It wasn't long before they fell in love
他深爱着妻子 He was totally in love with her
有这么一个故事，讲的是他们的蜜月几乎长达十年之久 There is a story that on their honeymoon, which was about 10 years long
有一次他们正在屋顶做爱，滚了下来,滚下来的当口他们正合为一体 At one time, they rolled off the roof that they were making love on while in union,
掉到一池的荷花和睡莲上,竟然没有察觉到他们滚下来了 And they fell down but landed in a bed of lotuses and lilies and didn't notice they had fallen
如此这般，他在宫中享受了二十九年的奢华生活 And so ,the stories say,he indulged himself for 29 years
直到这种奢华生活的泡沫破裂了 Until the shimmering bubble of pleasure burst.
他的父亲想方设法不让他离开 His father does everything he can to never let him leave,
不让他看见人生中的苦难 Never let him see the suffering that life is
但是有一天他出外,在王国里巡游 But one day,he goes outside, and he's traveling through the kingdom
他碰到了四大事件中的第一件 And he has the first of 4 encounters
他看见一个老人，他就问随从，随从说 He sees an old man, and he asks his attendant, and the attendant says,
"这是变化，一个人不可能永远年轻，永远完美" Oh, that's change, one doesn't always stay young and perfect
"后来，在他第二次出巡时，他看见有个人生病 Then on the next tour outside, he sees a sick man
他不明白，生病是怎么回事 And doesn't quite understand what it is
他问随从，随从说，"噢，我们每个人都会生病的" He asks his attendant, and the attendant says, “Oh, that happens to all of us.”
"人人都会生病，不要以为你是王子就不会生病" Everybody gets sick,and don't think, You are a prince,you will not get sick,
--令人尊敬的Metteyya Sakyaputta You are a prince,you will not get sick,
"你的父母也会生病，每个人都会生病 Your father will get sick,your mom will get sick.Everybody will become sick.
他意识到不光只有这一个病人，实际上，生病很普遍 Then he sees that it isn't just this sick person,in fact,it's universal
他心里有种东西被刺激了 And something is stimulated inside of him.
于是他不停地叫马车夫带他出去 So he keeps getting the chariot driver to take him out
他看见了一个又一个恐怖的事件 And he sees, you know, horror after horror.
他第三次出巡的时候，看见一具尸体 And on his third trip outside, he-he meets a corpse
他看到了人生的短暂，苦难和死亡 And he recognizes impermanence and suffering and death
其实是事情的真实状态,他被保护从没进入的那个世界,他没有看到的那个世界 As the real state of things, the world that he had been protected from, shielded from, Kept from seeing
他很吃惊 And he was shocked
他很吃惊，而且他意识到，这也是他的命运 You know, he was shocked and he realized,This is my fate too.
"我也会变老 I will also become old.
我也会生病 I will also become ill.
我也会死亡 I will also die
"我应该如何应对这些事情呢？" How do I deal with these things?
这些是每个人都会碰到的问题 These are universal questions in any human being's life--
生命受时间的限制，受命运的支配 What it's like to be in a body inside of time and our fate
我们应该如何应对人生呢？ And how do we navigate that?
这确实是一个关于改变的故事 It really is a tale of the transformation
从与自己人生的某种天真无邪的关系 From a certain naive,innocent relationship to your own life
到想知道整个故事，想了解这个真理 To wanting to know the full story,wanting to know the full truth
他第四次出巡时，看见一个精神追寻者 And then the fourth trip outside,he sees a spiritual seeker,
这个人决定要过一种跟自己的生活，完全不一样的生活 Someone who has decided to live a life completely other than his life
为的是要超脱人生的短暂、苦难和死亡 in order to escape from impermanence，suffering, and death
他经历这种充满创伤的遭遇 So he has this sort of traumatic encounter
看到了人生的苦难和痛苦 with the pain and suffering of life.
我们都尽量保护自己的孩子 We try to protect our children
不让他们看到世上那么多的痛苦 We don't want to let our children see all the pain that's in the world
但是在他很年幼，还没能完全记事的时候 But at a very early age,at a time before he could remember anything,
在他还没有概念性思维以前 At a time before there was conceptual thought,
他已经在经受一种最大的痛苦 He already suffered the worst kind of loss that one could suffer.
而且很突然，很神奇 Suddenly and mysteriously,
他的母亲在他仅有一周大的时候，去世了 His mother died when he was a week old
这场悲剧在一开始的时候就发生了 So something tragic happened, you know right at the beginning
可能这也就造就了日后的佛陀 That might be what it takes to become a Buddha is that
也就是说你得在最原始的层面经历痛苦 You have to suffer on such a primitive level
二十九岁，深深地不安 29 years old, profoundly troubled
悉达多下决心弄明白苦难的本质 Siddhartha was determined to comprehend the nature of suffering
他决定离开王宫 He resolved to leave the palace
他的妻子刚生下一个男婴 His wife had just given birth to a baby boy
悉达多给他起名为惹呼拉..."束缚" Siddhartha called him Rahula, fetter
他给儿子起名为"束缚" He names his son fetter
他给儿子起名为"球和链" He names his son ball and chain
"这是一种束缚 This is the fetter
把我和尘世生活捆绑在一起 that will keep me tethered to this life
"这是囚禁我的东西" This is what will keep me imprisoned
一个夏季的深夜，悉达多走进妻子的房间 Late one summer evening Siddhartha went into his wife's room
房间里点着一盏香油灯 A lamp of scented oil lit up
妻子躺在铺满鲜花的床上 His wife lay sleeping on bed strewn with flowers
初生的儿子躺在她的臂弯里 Cradling their newborn son in her arms
他站在门口看着，陷入沉思 He gazed from the threshold, deep in thought
"如果我把妻子的手，从儿子头上拿开 If I take my wife's hand from my son's head
"把儿子抱起来，抱他在怀里 and pick him up and hold him in my arms,
"要离开将会非常痛苦" It will be painful for me to leave
他转身离开，翻过墙，来到王宫的院子里 He turned away and climbed down to the palace courtyard
他心爱的马犍陟正在等候 His beloved horse Kanthaka was waiting
当他朝城市的北边骑去的时候，他飞向空中 As he rode toward the city's northern wall,he leapt high into the air
诱惑之神，玛拉，正在空中等候 Mara,the tempter god of desire,was waiting
玛拉说，你命中注定要统治一个庞大的王国 You are destined, Mara told him,to rule a great empire
"回去吧，世俗的权力非你莫属" Go back,and worldly power will be yours
悉达多拒绝了 Siddhartha refused
他在妻子心里留下悲痛，不解和沮丧 使完全无辜的幼儿失去父亲 He left grief and probably absolute puzzlement and dismay in the hearts of wife,In the infant son who was innocent and yet was suddenly fatherless
当然也离开了自己的父亲 And , of course, his own father
但是没有牺牲就不能得到真知 But there is no knowledge won without sacrifice
这就是人类生活的一个不得不接受的事实 And this is one of the hard truths of human existence:
要得到一样东西，你必须先失去所有 In order to gain anything, you must first lose everything
悉达多平生第一次独处 Siddhartha was alone in the world for the first time
在附近一条河流旁边，他拔出佩剑 On the bank of a nearby river, he drew his sword
"尽管我的父亲和养母都在悲伤 Although my father and stepmother were grieving
"满脸泪痕"，他说 With tears on their faces, he said,
"我还是削发，穿上黄袍, 出家远行 I cut off my hair,I put on the yellow robes, and went forth from home into homelessness
"这个尘世的享乐已伤害了我 I had been wounded by the enjoyment of the world
"因此我出家以寻求安宁" And I had come out longing to obtain peace.
悉达多往南走，朝着圣洁的恒河 Siddhartha wandered south toward the holy Ganges river
他曾经贵为王子，现在只是一个乞丐 Once a great prince, now he became a beggar,
靠陌生人的施舍度日 Surviving on the charity of strangers
他睡在东北平原上，长满榕树、柚木树和婆罗双树的黑色森林里寒冷的地上 He slept on the cold ground in the dark forests of banyan,teak,and sal that covered The northeastern plain,frightening places
那些地方有野兽出没，很是吓人, 传说还有危险的精灵居住其中 where wild animals roamed and dangerous spirits were said to live
他要出去看看外面都有什么 He is going out to see what there is
他是个寻者 He's a seeker
他尚没有形成自己的教义，也还没有获得真谛 He doesn't have a teaching yet, he doesn't have an understanding yet
他还没有得到顿悟 He doesn't have an insight yet
他还没有找到解决的方法，但是他已经认识到问题所在 He doesn't have a solution yet, but he recognizes the problem
悉达多不指望从当时的宗教得到帮助 Siddhartha could not expect help from the religion of the time
古老的祆教仪式和繁琐礼节 The ancient Vedic religion, steeped in ceremony and ritual
有些礼节至今仍在某些仪式中使用 Some of its rituals still live on in ceremonies
由印度教士主持, 他们吟唱着，流传两千五百年多年的吠陀经 Conducted by Hindu priests, who chant Vedic formulas more than 2,500 years old
[Man speaking foreign language]
这种仪式历史悠久
早在文明在此起源的时候就有了
通过这种吟唱，我们崇拜神灵和星球
祈求他们给所有的生灵带来内心的安宁
[印度教士]
很多世纪以来，祆教仪式使得人们敬神，并激发了人们的信仰 For centuries, the Vedic rituals had commanded respect for the gods and inspired conviction.
但是到了悉达多的时代 But by Siddhartha's time
这些意识已经不再能满足很多印度人的精神需求 The rituals no longer spoke to the spiritual needs of many Indians,
留下精神上的空虚和某种预示 Leaving a spiritual vacuum and a sense of foreboding
神灵变得不如仪式重要 The gods become less important than the rituals themselves
这是一个动荡的时代 It's a period of great unrest
这是一个社会动荡变革的时代 [维蒙特大学] It was a period of social upheaval, social change
城市的发展带来新的财富和精神饥渴 Cities were growing, generating new wealth and spiritual hunger
正如某位古人绝望地说 As one ancient voice cried out in despair
"海枯了，山倒了 The oceans have dried up, mountains have crumbled;
"北极星颤动了, "地球崩溃了，神灵消失了 The pole star is shaken, the earth founders, the gods perish
"我就像一只枯井之蛙" I'm like a frog in a dry well
很多人对他们原有的宗教不满 A lot of people aren't satisfied with the religion that they grew up in
当悉达多王子决定放弃自己的生活时 And when Prince Siddhartha decides to give up his life
他在做的事情其实很多人已经在做 He's doing something that lots of other people were doing.
悉达多加入了数千名跟他一样的寻觅者 Siddhartha joined thousands of searchers like himself
这些出家人...男人，甚至还有一些女人...他们放弃尘世 Renunciants, men and even a few women who had renounced the world,
拥抱贫穷独身的日子，生活在社会边缘 embracing poverty and celibacy ,living on the edge,
就像今天印度的精神追求者一样 Just as spiritual seekers still do in India today
在当时的印度，有很多出家人 Now ,at this time in India, there are lots of renunciants out there.
这种离家出走的传统发展很快 It's a flourishing renunciant tradition
放弃一切的人有各种各样 There are many different people who have given everything up
他们苦行、禁欲并默念 And practice austerities and meditate
为的是超脱生死的轮回 In order to escape from the cycle of death and rebirth
转世轮回的概念是印度文化的一部分,是印度文明的一部分 The notion of reincarnation is something that's part of Indian culture,Part of Indian civilization
是印度宗教的一部分，远在佛陀之前就有了 Part of Indian religion,that was there long before the Buddha,
在某种意义上来说 And it was the—in a sense
这正是佛陀面对的一个问题 The problem that the Buddha faced
苦难并非起始于出生，结束于死亡 Suffering didn't begin at birth and finish with death
苦难是无穷无尽的 Suffering was endless
除非能找到一种解脱的方法 Unless it was possible to find a way out
得到启迪，成为佛陀 Become enlightened, become a Buddha
在他的时代，人们认为死亡并不是终结 In his time,there was a sense of death not being final
而是不可阻挡地指向再生 But of death leading inexorably to rebirth
生灵，受苦受难的生灵 And of beings, suffering beings,
永远捆绑在这个死亡和再生的轮子上 Bound to the wheel of death and rebirth
据说悉达多在此生以前，已经有过很多次生命 It's said that Siddhartha had lived many lives before this one
当过无数次动物 As countless animals...
当过无数次人 Innumerable human beings...
甚至还当过神 And even gods
经历了四个数不清的漫长岁月，宗教课本是这么说的 Across 4 incalculable ages,the sacred texts say
经过了很多个千万年 And many eons,
经历了所有生灵的不同形态 experiencing life in all its different forms
悉达多的前世，很多个千万年 Siddhartha's previous lives, many eons
有时是人，有时是兽 Sometimes as a human being,sometimes as an animal
但是随着他的修行 But then gradually using his practice,
他变得越来越高，越来越深 Becoming more higher and higher and deeper, deeper
他的思想一世接一世 The idea is, from life to life,
一步步接近开悟……越来越睿智 [天文物理学家] To progress more and more towards the enlightenment and become wiser and wiser
有些生灵会固执地坚守其无知和自负 Some beings will stubbornly insist on their ignorance and their egotism
他们会到处横冲直撞，抢到什么吃什么 And they will charge ahead, grabbing and eating what they can in front of themselves
得不到满足，但是相信下一口能解决问题 And being dissatisfied but thinking that the next bite will do it.
他们死去又再生，死去又再生，如此永无休止 And they will die and be reborn and die and be reborn infinite times
如果他们很固执的话，这种轮回可能是数亿次之多 It could take them, you know, a billion lifetimes if they are very stubborn,you know.
然而成为佛陀，得到启迪 And becoming a Buddha, becoming enlightened,
是超脱这种连续轮回的唯一方法 is the only way of getting out of the continual cycle
这种生死轮回 Of death and rebirth
再生这个概念，并不是我们通常所说的 Now, rebirth here isn't the popular notion that
我前世是埃及艳后克利奥帕特拉，从尼罗河上漂下来 You know,in my past life,I was Cleopatra floating down the Nile
或者说我前世是拿破仑 or Napoleon
而是说每一次生命,都像是回到初中上学 It's as if every life is going through junior high school again
一次、一次又一次 Over and over and over
教士的权威越来越小 With the authority of the priests worn thin
像悉达多这样的寻觅智慧的人，在乡村漫游 And wisdom seekers like Siddhartha roaming the countryside,
出现了一些圣哲教导自己的精神弟子 Holy men emerged teaching their own spiritual disciplines
悉达多跟随其中一个学习 Siddhartha apprenticed himself to one of them
这个有名的大师认为 A celebrated guru who taught that
真知不可能来自于单纯的仪式练习 true knowledge could never come from ritual practice alone
必须看到自己的内心 It was necessary to look within.
"你可以和我待在这里"，大师告诉他 You may stay here with me ,the guru told him
"一个智慧的人很快就可以在老师的知识里挖掘 A wise person can soon dwell in his teacher's knowledge
并直接体验这些知识" And experience it directly for himself
悉达多让自己练习大师要求的各种严格的训练 Siddhartha set himself to learn the rigorous practices the guru prescribed
当时的老师 The teachers of the time
已经在教授各种瑜伽和冥思 Are already teaching forms of yoga and meditation,
教授思想的自我反思能力，能够用来控制意志驯服强烈的情感 Teaching that the self-reflective capacity of the mind can be put to use to tame the mind,to tame the passions
这种观点在印度早已根深蒂固 That was already established in India.
当时的瑜伽和冥思的流派 不少于当今 And there were probably so many schools of yoga and meditation in those days Just as there are now
[外语]瑜伽不仅仅是锻炼身体
虽然瑜伽对身体有很多方面的益处
瑜伽的最终目的是要获得深层的冥思
这不是轻易能达到的境界
这需要练习
虽然瑜伽看似着重控制身体 Although yoga appears to focus on controlling the body
实际上这是一种古老的思想学科 It is,in fact,an ancient spiritual discipline
是一种深思冥想 A form meditation,
利用身体的能量来控制意志 harnessing the energies of the body to tame the mind
有些瑜伽修行者学习打坐数个小时，纹丝不定 Some yogis learn to sit without moving for hours,
他们的呼吸越来越缓慢 Breathing more and more slowly
直到呼吸几乎停止 Until they seem to be barely breathing at all
静坐冥思可以进入各种催眠状态 All kinds of trance states are possible through meditation
如果你控制自己的意念 If you hold the mind,
如果你把意念集中在某件物品上 If you concentrate the mind on a single object
可以是一个字，一点烛光，或者一个声音 You know,be it a word or a candle flame or a sound,
你完全可以让思想游移到各种有趣的地方 It's possible to transport the mind into all kinds of interesting places
后来成为佛陀的这个人 The person who was to become the Buddha
把这些东西都练得很到家，他是个完美的学生 was very good at all of those practices,he was a super student,
把每样东西都学得尽善尽美然而，不管他练得多么好 Doing these practices,Taking them to their limit, And no matter what he did in these practices,
他仍然陷于最初的痛苦之中 He was still stuck in the pain that he set out with
他上升到缜密而纯正的意识状态 但是并不能长久 He ascends to these very rarified states of consciousness But it's not permanent
并不能带给他超越现实本质的真理 And it does not bring penetrating truth into the nature of reality
因此这只是对人生痛苦的暂时逃避，他们并不能解决问题 So these become a temporary escape from the problem of existence, But they don't solve the problem
悉达多又拜另一位大师为师 Siddhartha apprenticed himself to another popular guru
但是结果还是一样 But the results were the same
"我突然意识到"，他后来说 The thought occurred to me ,he said later
"这种做法无法通往直接的知识，通往更深层次的意识" This practice does not lead to direct knowledge,to deeper awareness
他失去幻想，也离开了这位大师 Disenchanted,he left this master,too
悉达多继续南行 Siddhartha continued to drift south
继续寻求解答自己一系列问题的答案 Still searching for the answer to his questions:
为什么人要受苦？到底有没有解脱？ Why do human beings suffer? Is there any escape?
他不断地寻觅，不断地探求 He's trying and trying and searching and searching,
他已经经历过极端的奢华 And he already experienced extreme luxuries
现在他在体验极端的贫困 So now he tries extreme deprivation
在这些克己的出家人中，苦行修道是常见的精神修炼方式 Among the renunciants, asceticism was a common spiritual practice:
通过惩罚身体以求获得平静和智慧 Punishing the body as a way to attain serenity and wisdom
悉达多遇到五个苦行僧 Siddhartha fell in with 5 other ascetics
很快就比他们更克制肉体 And soon was outdoing them in mortifying the flesh
使自己的身体承受极端的磨难和痛苦 Subjecting his body to extremes of hardship and pain
身体代表一个根本的问题 The body represents a fundamental problem
岁月使得身体衰老 Old age brings a decrepitude to the body
疾病给身体带来痛苦和磨难 Sickness brings pain and suffering to the body
死亡更是身体功能的最终衰竭 And death is ultimately the cessation of the functioning of the body
所以说如果你让身体遭受足够的磨难 So there was a sense that if you could punish the body sufficiently
你就可以逃脱身体的影响，这种说法有道理 You could escape its influence
你可以超脱其中某些限制 You could transcend some of the limitations
某些身体给你的限制 That the body seemed to impose
苦行僧对真理的追求,把生存所需 The ascetic pursues the truth by taking the requirements of survival
降到最低极限 down to the absolute minimum possible:
食物少到只能糊口 Barely enough food to stay alive,
对恶劣天气没有任何保护，没有暖气 No protection from the elements, no heat,
坐在寒风中，坐在雨中 Sit in the cold, sit in the rain
未眠的分分秒秒都用于静坐冥想 Meditate fiercely for all the hours of awakening
放弃一切，去除一切，体验死亡,感觉到你正要死去 The step of renunciation, of shedding everything,of dying, the feeling that one is dying to one's life
这种体验对于一个人来说，是再生的根本条件,对于接受这种观点的人来说是这样 As it was, is essential to being reborn as someone who sees
今天的印度仍有苦行僧 Ascetics can still be seen in India
他们确信，通过克制肉体 Firm in the belief that by subduing the flesh
他们可以获得精神的力量 They can gain spiritual power
[外语]真理是什么呢？
如果你每24小时才能吃一次
每一秒都会告诉你什么是真理
我曾经有家，十六岁那年出家
我不想要任何物质的东西
我能够
通过放弃贪欲踏上追求精神的道路
极端的瘦弱疲倦，悉达多折磨了自己六年之久, 试图消除困扰自己的各种欲望 Emaciated,exhausted,Siddhartha punished himself for 6 years, trying to put an end to the cravings that beset him
他折磨自己,试图毁掉体内的一切 He tortures himself,trying to destroy anything
所有他认为不良的东西 within himself that he sees as bad
当时的思想传统认为，这样你就能解放 The spiritual traditions of that time said you can be liberated
如果你去除一切人性的东西 If you eliminate everything that's human
一切粗劣庸俗 You know, everything that's coarse and vulgar,
一切怒火，一切欲望 Every bit of anger, every bit of desire
你知道，只要你 If you –you know, if you
如果你凭着意志的力量消除一切 If you wipe that out with force of will
你就能进入一种玄奥超脱的境界 Then you can go into some kind of transcendental state
佛陀尝试了所有这些 And the Buddha tried all that
他比所有的厌食苦行僧都吃得少 And he became, you know, the most anorectic of the anorectic ascetics
他每天只吃一粒米，只喝自己的尿液 He was eating one grain of rice per day, he was drinking his own urine
他总是单脚站立，总是睡在钉子上 He was standing on one foot, he was sleeping on nails
他把这些做到极限 He did it all to the utmost
"我身体变得极端瘦弱"悉达多说 My body slowly became extremely emaciated, Siddhartha said
"我的四肢就像藤或竹竿 My limbs became like the jointed segments of vine or bamboo stems
"我的脊椎鼓出来像一串珠子 My spine stood out like a string of beads
"我的肋骨像废旧破屋凸出来的橼 My ribs jutted out like the jutting rafters of an old abandoned building
"我的眼睛像是深深地陷入了眼窝，如同深井里的井水 the gleam of my eyes apppeared to be sunk deep in my eye sockets, like the gleam of water deep in a well
"我的头皮皱缩枯萎了，像一个苦瓜在风和热中皱缩枯萎了 My scalp shriveled and withered like a green bitter gourd shriveled and withered in the heat and wind
他所做的是把自己的身体置于极限 What he was trying to do was pushing his body to the most extreme that he could
但是他意识到这么做，并不能得到他想要的 But then he realized that from that, he cannot gain what he wants
折磨身体，反而适得其反 Trying to torture the body, the body becomes too much
因为所有注意力都放到身体上，而非其他 The whole attention is given to the body,nothing else
他把自己完全投入到 He surrendered himself completely to
大师教给他的高强度训练 the hard training that he was given
苦练多年以后，他发现 And what he discovered, having tried this completely for many years,
他没能解答自己的问题 was that he had not answered his question
这些方法都行不通 It hadn't worked
他在死亡的边缘上,奄奄一息，不省人事 He was on the verge of death, dying, unawakened
突然他想起一件事 When he remembered something
他想起儿时的一天，他和父亲坐在河边 He remembered a day when he was young and sat by the river with his father
世界的美完全展现在他眼前 And the perfection of the world as it was simply gave itself to him
很多年前，悉达多还是个小孩的时候 Years before, when Siddhartha was a small boy
他的国王父亲，带他参加一个春天耕种节 His father, the king, had taken him to a spring planting festival
他边观看舞蹈表演，边看着草地 While he watched the ceremonial dancing，he looked down at the grass
他想到昆虫和虫卵… He thought about the insects and their eggs...
随着田地的耕种被毁掉 Destroyed as the field was planted
他一时极度的悲伤 He was overwhelmed with sadness
佛教的一个最大的根本是慈悲 One great taproot of Buddhism is compassion
也就是我们对所有事物的那种深深的喜爱 Which is the deep affection that we feel for everything
因为我们都属于一体 Because we're all in it together..
不管是其他人还是其他动物、植物 Be it other human beings,other animals,the planet
整个星球是一体，这个星球上的所有生物， 这个星球上的树木、河流，一切都是互通的 As a whole, the creatures of this planet,the trees and rivers of this planet,Everything is connected.
那天很美，他的思想漂游着 It was a beautiful day. his mind drifted
似乎出于本能，他以瑜伽打坐的姿势盘腿而作 As if by instinct, he crossed his legs in the yoga pose of meditation
此时自然世界向他致敬 And the natural world paid him homage.
随着太阳划过天空，影子移动着 As the sun moved through the sky,the shadows shifted,
但是在那棵蒲桃树下，打坐的影子一直没动 But the shadow of the rose apple tree where he sat remained still
他感到一股纯粹的喜悦 He felt a sense of pure joy
这种喜悦就在这个已经支离破碎的世界里 The joy that he found is in the world that is already broken
就在我们属于的这个转瞬即逝的世界里 It's in this transitory world that we're all a part of
这个世界的结构 And the fabric of this world...
尽管有时候很可恶 Despite the fact that it can seem so horrible,
这个世界最根本的结构，实际上就是他重新找到的喜悦 The underlying fabric of this world actually is that joy that he recovered
这是他的顿悟 That was his great insight
"但是"他说，"如果我不吃不喝的话我没法持续这种喜悦感 But,he says,I can't sustain a feeling of joy like this if I don't take any food
"所以我最好先吃点东西" So I better eat something
就在这时，一个农村姑娘神奇地出现了,手里拿着一碗稀饭 And then at that moment,a village maiden mysteriously appears carrying a bowl of rice porridge
她说"给你，吃吧" And she said to him, Here, eat.
这是慷慨和解脱的一刻 That moment of generosity and release
他接受了稀饭,也是他对生命的选择 when he accepted the rice was a decision towards life
这在基督教里称为，上帝对人类的慈悲和恩典 It was what in the Christian tradition might be called grace
即你无法光凭自己的力量来完成 that you cannot do it completely on your own
在基督教里，这种慈悲来自神灵 And in Christianity,the grace comes from the divine
在佛陀的故事里 In the story of the Buddha,
慈悲来自于一个普通姑娘善良的心 The grace comes from the ordinary kind heart of a girl
她看见有人挨饿，就说"吃吧" who sees somebody starving and says,eat.
这里有一种美 There's something beautiful
每当我想起这个故事，我都感到非常喜悦 Whenever I remember that story,it makes me so happy
因为我看到佛陀成佛以前的心 Because I see the heart of Buddha as the person he was
悉达多的心 Like the Siddhartha
他面前的就是，他的继母常常喂他的甜大米稀饭 This dish was the dish he used to be fed by his stepmother,rice pudding
他非常怀念这种甜稀饭 He was missing that so much
他回想起更久以前的事 And then he remembered maybe further and further
他想起他的妻儿 And he remembered about his wife,about his son
以及他一直压抑着的那些最深的情感 And the deepest emotions that he had suppressed,
这些情感使他无法承受，它们又抬头了，依然存在 They overpower,they came up.they were still there
他有一种失落感 And he had a feeling of missing
他想见儿子 He had a feeling of seeing his son
他想回到亲人的身边 and a feeling of being near his loved ones
这些情感很强烈 They were so powerful
肯定渗透了他整个人 Oh,this must have soaked his whole entire being
实际上他完完全全失败了 He was actually an utter failure
他曾经拼命苦行修道 He had been clinging to the path of asceticism
而当他接受食物时 And when he took the food,
随之而来的还是他原来的问题 what followed was a return of his original question
人生很痛苦，人生有变化 Life is painful,Life involves change
这仍然是个问题，这个问题并没有消失 This is still a problem,the problem didn't disappear
没过多久，跟悉达多一起苦行修练的同伴 It wasn't long before,the ascetics who had been Siddhartha's companions
看到他在吃饭，他们都厌恶地扭头 found him eating and turned away in disgust
"悉达多贪恋奢华"他们这么说 Siddhartha loves luxury,they said
"他放弃了精神修炼，他变得很放纵" He has forsaken his spiritual practice,He has become extravagant
但是日后成为佛陀的这个人,认识到极端的贫乏并不是一个办法 But the man who will become the Buddha realizes that extreme deprivation isn't the way to go
我们可以如常人一般生活，可以吃喝 We can live as normal human beings,we can eat and drink
事实上，我们需要吃喝，做平常人,这样才能有突破 And,in fact,we kind of need to eat and drink and be normal human beings in order to break through
才能获得他所寻觅的那种实现 In order to attain the kind of realization that he was looking for
悉达多把他的希望放在两位大师身上 Siddhartha had put his faith in two gurus
这些大师没能帮助他 They hadn't helped him
他惩罚了自己的肉体和精神，几乎害死自己 He had punished his mind and body. That had almost killed him
现在他知道该做什么 Now he knew what he must do
才能找到问题的答案 To find the answer to his questions,
他应该往内心看，相信自己 he would look within and trust himself
佛陀 第二部分
菩提迦耶是印度东北的一个小镇 Bodh Gaya is a small town in northeastern India
无数朝圣者从世界各地云集此地 Throngs of pilgrims have come here from all over the world
已经有一千六百多年了 For more than 16 centuries
对于佛教徒来说，世界上有数百个圣地 For Buddhists,there are hundreds of holy places
但最神圣的莫过于此地 But none more sacred than this one
菩提迦耶是佛教信仰的始发地 Bodh Gaya is the sacred point from which the Buddhist faith radiates
有些朝圣者不远万里 Some pilgrims travel great distances,
一边吟唱经文一边俯伏膜拜而来 reciting prayers and prostrating themselves every step of the way
这里是他们的麦加和耶路撒冷 It is their Mecca and Jerusalem
最最神圣的不是他们身边的雄伟庙宇 Their holy of holies is not the imposing temple beside them
而是一棵无花果树、一棵菩提树 But a simple fig tree:ficus religiosa
菩提树 The Bodhi tree
据说这棵树在佛陀的时代就有了 The tree, it is said, is descended from the Buddha's time
[man chanting over loudspeaker]
每个佛教徒都知道悉达多的故事 Every pilgrim knows the story of how Siddhartha,
他接受了年轻姑娘的甜稀饭 After accepting the rice milk from the young girl
脱下身上的破衣，在附近的河里洗浴 Put aside the rags he was wearing, bathed himself in a nearby river
然后挺直身子，坐在这棵菩提树的树阴里 and strengthened ,sat down in the shade of the Bodhi tree
开始打坐冥思 And began to meditate
此时正是春天，圆月当空 It was springtime, the moon was full
在太阳升起以前 Before the sun would rise,
悉达多漫长的寻觅之旅已经完成 Siddhartha's long search would be over
他坐在一棵菩提树下 He sat down under a Bodhi tree,
在大自然的庇护下 in the shelter of the natural world
在大自然的美丽和完整当中 In all of its beauty and fullness
他说"在我找到答案前，我不会离开这个地方 And he said,I will not move from this place until I have solved my problem
"让我的皮肤、肌腱和骨头干枯 Let my skin and sinews and bones dry up
"让我的肉体和血液干枯"，他说 Together with all the flesh and blood of my body,he said
"我欢迎！" I welcome it
"但是我不会离开这个地方 But I will not move from this spot
"直到我获得最高、最终的智慧" until I have attained the supreme and final wisdom
几乎与此同时，欲望之神玛拉出来挑战他 All at once, Mara, lord of desire, rose to challenge him
他带了一队恶魔发起进攻 With an army of demons, he attacked
悉达多丝毫不动 Siddhartha did not move
恶魔的武器变成了鲜花 and their weapons turned into flowers
玛拉主宰着欲望之界 Mara is the ruler of this realm of desire
也就是我们生活的世界 This world that we all live in
他很担心悉达多将要做什么 And what he's afraid Siddhartha is going to do
当悉达多获得真知，成为佛陀将会征服这个世界 When he attains enlightenment and becomes the Buddha ..is conquer that world
也就是说，他会消灭欲望 That is, he's going to do away with desire
他将…，他将毁了整盘游戏 He's going to ..he's going to wreck the whole game
玛拉 没有放弃 Mara did not give up
他派出自己三个女儿去诱惑悉达多 He sent his three daughters to seduce him
悉达多还是纹丝不动 Siddhartha remained still
当他面对玛拉时，他也正面对自己和自己的破坏力 When he faces Mara, he faces himself and his own destructive capacity
但是他不是斗士，不与这些素质战斗 But he's not the warrior trying to do battle with those qualities
他已经发掘到自己保持平静的能力 He's discovered his own capacity for equanimity
他变成如同喜玛拉雅山的峰顶 He has become like, you know, the top of the great Himalayan Mountains, you know
坏天气经他而过，暴风雨在他身边盘旋 The weather is passing over him, storms are raging around him
然而他稳如山颠 And he sits like the top of the mountain..
无动于衷，要知道那不是出神发呆,他对发生的一切都了如指掌 Impassive not in a trance state, you know, totally aware of everything
因此他挫败了玛拉 So he frustrates Mara
悉达多挺住了玛拉使出的所有招数 Siddhartha resisted every temptation Mara could devise
欲望之神使出最后一招 The lord of desire had one final test
他要知道谁能证明 He demanded to know who would testify that
悉达多理所当然应该得到最高的智慧 Siddhartha was worthy of attaining ultimate wisdom
他的恶魔军队都来帮助他 And his demon army rose up to support him
悉达多一声不吭 Siddhartha said nothing
他伸出手触摸了土地 He reached down and touched the ground
地动山摇 And the earth shuddered
玛拉的恶魔都逃了 Mara's demons fled
佛陀伸出手,用手指触摸大地 The Buddha reaches down and with his finger touches the earth
他说"大地是我的证人" He says, the earth is my witness
他说"玛拉，你不是大地" He said,Mara,you are not the earth
"大地就在我的指尖下" The earth is right here, beneath my finger
我们这里要说的就是大地 And the earth is what we're talking about..
接受大地，而不是拥有大地 Accepting the earth, not owning the earth
不占有大地，但是大地就是这样 Not possessing the earth, but the earth just as it is
被滥用，被剥削，被轻视，被抛弃， 被耕犁，被开采,被鄙夷，等等等等 Abused and exploited and despised and rejected and plowed and mined and shat on and everything else,You know
但这仍是大地，是 It's still the earth, and it's
我们的一切都是大地的 It's we owe everything to it
悉达多彻夜冥想 Siddhartha meditated throughout the night...
他的前生前世 在他眼前闪过 And all his former lives passed before him
他回想起所有的前生，无数的前生 He remembers all his previous lives, infinite numbers of previous lives
有男有女，每个种族 Female and male and every other race
浩瀚生灵之海中的每种生命 and every other being in the vast ocean of life-forms
他本能地回想起所有这些，意味着他的意识在不断扩张 And he remembered that all viscerally, so that means his awareness expanded to be
以至过去所有时刻，对他来说都成了现在 -so that all the moments of the past were completely present to him
他获得了力量,能看到生、死和再生的过程 He gains the power to see the process of birth death, and rebirth-
所有生灵都必须经历的过程 -that all creatures go through
他被赋予这种宇宙般广阔的视野 He's given this sort of cosmic vision
能看见整个宇宙的运转 of the workings of the entire universe
当启明星升起的时候，他如狮子般大吼一声 As the morning star appeared, he roared like a lion
"我的思想"，他说，"已经完全安宁" My mind, he said, is at peace
天空震动,菩提树洒下无数的花 The heavens shook, and the Bodhi tree rained down flowers
他"觉醒"了，成为了佛陀 He had become, the awakened one, the Buddha
有件新事物对他开放 Something new opens up for him
他称之为涅槃，也称之为觉醒 Which he calls Nirvana or which he calls awakening
他说"此刻，万物与我同觉醒" He said, at this moment, all beings and I awaken together
所以说觉醒的不光是他，而是整个宇宙 So it was not just him, it was all the universe
他触摸大地 He touched the earth
"大地是我的见证人，看启明星 As earth is my witness, seeing this morning star
"万物与我同觉醒" All things and I awaken together
这不是进入一种新的状态，而是发现或者不再抵抗现实，一直就存在的现实 It's not like entering a new state. it's uncovering or surrendering to the reality that has always been there
他意识到他一直都在涅槃中 He realized he'd always been in Nirvana
涅槃一直就是他的状态 That Nirvana was always the case
你的现实就是涅槃 Your reality itself is Nirvana
是某种反现实，是你的无知 It's the unreality, it's your ignorance that
让你感到自己，是一个以自我为中心的个体生命 -makes you think you're this self-centered separate
一直试图与强大的宇宙抗争，而最终失败 being trying to fight off an overwhelming universe and failing
你就是宇宙 You are that universe
你已经觉悟 You're already enlightened
他讲的是悟性 He's saying the capacity for enlightenment—that
你的觉悟已在你体内 your awakeness already exists within you
涅槃就是直接看到的这个时刻 Nirvana is this moment seen directly
除此以外，别无他处 There is nowhere else than here
唯一的门就是此时此刻 The only gate is now
唯一的门就是你自己的身体和思想 The only doorway is your own body and mind
除此以外，无处可去,别无他物 There's nowhere to go, There's nothing else to be
没有归宿 There's no destination
这并不是死后去争取的东西 It's not something to aim for in the afterlife
而是此时此刻的本质 It's simply the quality of this moment
就是这个，这个我们现在所处的房间 Just this,just this,this room where we are
留意，留意谁在这里 Pay attention to that, pay attention to who's there
留意这里不为人们所知的东西 Pay attention to what isn't known there.
留意这里为人知的东西 Pay attention to what is known there
留意大家的想法和感觉 Pay attention to what everyone is thinking
留意你自己在做什么 And feeling, what you're doing there
留意，再留意 Pay attention, pay attention
数周过去了，佛陀仍然待在菩提树附近，祥和而平静 For weeks, the Buddha remained near the Bodhi tree, peaceful and serene
他很想退入一种深深的独处 He was tempted to retire into a profound solitude
而不是把自己奋斗六年，苦苦寻觅而来的东西,教给别人 Instead of trying to teach others what it had taken him 6 long years to discover for himself
他很想就待在那里，他感觉到幸福 He wants to stay there, he's very happy
他不想出来 He doesn't want to go out
他对自己说，旁人是不可能理解的 He says to himself, no one is going to understand this
"别人会以为我疯了，会以为我是个傻子" You know, people are going to think I'm crazy,they're going to think I'm nuts.
佛陀看得见人们的本性 Buddha saw the nature of the people
嫉妒，心胸狭隘,以及强烈的负面精神状态 Envy and jealousy and the strong negative mental states
世界上所有的人都跟鱼一样,在很浅的水里扭动 All the people in the world, they are like the fishes wriggling in the very shallow water
于是，佛陀不敢去教人们 So, Buddha, he himself afraid to teach the people
传说 一个神来找佛陀 The myth is that a god comes to the Buddha
这个神 布茹阿玛 双膝跪下，说，"求你了，我们需要你" Brahma comes on his knees and says, Please, we need you
"你为何不跟大家谈谈，你所明白的道理呢？ Why don't you try talking about what you just understood?
"因为世界需要你，神灵需要你，人们需要你 Because the world needs the gods need it, and the men need it
"人们需要你" You know, people need it
于是佛陀决定布道讲义 And then Buddha decided to give his teachings…
为的是一种大慈悲，这不是一般的慈悲 Because of a great compassion,it's not an ordinary compassion
当你能感受到别人的感觉时, 你自然地就会不想让他们感觉不良 When you feel the feelings of others,you automatically don't want them to feel bad.
你能感觉到手上感觉，你不会把手伸进烤炉 You feel the feeling of your hand,you don't put it in the oven
你并不是在表示怜悯 I mean, you're not being compassionate to our hand
你是感觉到痛苦而不会把手伸进烤炉 You just feel the pain, so you're not gonna put it there
所以当你感觉到别人的痛苦时，你会尽力减轻他们的痛苦 So if you feel other's pain, you're going to do your best to help them alleviate it.
当一个人觉醒时，他的心中有种东西在开放 When somebody becomes enlightened, something blooms in his heart
就像是鲜花的盛开，香气是掩盖不住的 It's like a flower blooms, and it cannot hold the fragrance
香气自然释放 It has to naturally release
同样，他很自然地释放他的光芒 So it's like he naturally had to release his radiance
他不得不把心中的喜悦与大家分享 He has to share this joy that was in his heart
时年三十五岁，佛陀从此竭尽毕生,把他的教义，佛教,有关万物的根本法规教给世人 35 years old, the Buddha would devote the rest of his life to bringing his teachings the dharma, the fundamental laws of all things into the world
但是，如他所担心的事情不会那么简单 But as he had feared, it would not be easy
他开始与世人分享他悟到的真理时，他遇到一个云游的苦行僧 As he set off to share what he had learned, he met a wandering ascetic.
"你的师傅是谁？"苦行僧问他 Who is your guru? The ascetic asked him
佛陀说他没有师傅,他是自己开悟的 The Buddha said he had no guru, that he had attained enlightenment on his own
"原来是这样"，苦行僧听完就走了 It may be so, the ascetic said and walked away
第一次施教，佛陀失败了 On his first attempt to teach, the Buddha had failed
佛陀遇到一个看不出，他有任何特殊之处的人 Buddha meets someone who doesn't see anything special about him
因为觉悟后的佛陀，看上去跟旁人没有两样 Because the awakened Buddha doesn't look any different from anybody else
他很普通 He is ordinary
佛教讲的不是要与众不同 Buddhism is not about being special
佛教讲的是要普普通通 Buddhism is about being ordinary
佛教讲的不是经久不歇地流露出欢欣喜悦 And it is not about the continual exudation of bliss
佛教讲的是过一种寻常生活 It is about walking a normal human life
跟普通人一样，做普通事 With normal human beings, doing normal human things
这就提醒你很可能自己就是佛陀 And this reminds you that you yourself might be a Buddha
此刻，你面前的人可能也是佛陀 At this moment, the person you're looking at might be one
这种练习很有趣 It's an interesting practice
你在大街上看见的每个人,是佛陀吗？是佛陀吗？ Just each person you see as you walk down the street Buddha? Buddha?
佛陀，佛陀，佛陀 Buddha, Buddha, Buddha,
从菩提迦耶开始，佛陀往西走了将近二百英里,跨过恒河 From Bodh Gaya, the Buddha walked west nearly 200 miles And crossed the Ganges River
他仍在寻找一种方法,给别人解释，他担心无法解释清楚的东西 He was still searching for a way to explain to others what he feared was unexplainable
就是他自已经历过的通往启蒙的道路 The path to the enlightenment he himself had experienced
在恒河不远的鹿野苑，他又一次尝试 In a deer park in Sarnath, not far from the Ganges, He would try again
他原来的五个同伴,仍然在练习他已经放弃的苦修 His 5 former companions were still practicing the austerities he himself had abandoned
"他们从老远就看见我走过来，一看见我,就联合起来"佛陀回忆说 “From far off, they saw me coming and , on seeing me, made a pact with one another”, the Buddha recalled
"朋友们，悉达多来了，过着奢华的生活,放弃了苦行修炼 Friends , here comes Siddhartha, living luxuriously, straying from his ascetic practice
"他不值得大家尊敬" He doesn't deserve to be bowed down to
这些是他的同伴，他们对他的放弃很失望，很厌恶。 他们仍在试图通过挨饿获得觉悟 These are his buddies, who were just disappointed and disgusted with him for giving in after they'd all been trying to starve themselves into enlightenment
因此他们开始的时候有点疑虑 So they're a little distrustful at the beginning
他们把他视为平辈，他跟他们讲 They refer to him as an equal, and he then tells them,
"不对，你们不能用这个词，称呼一个达塔迦达(如来佛) "称呼一个已经到了彼岸的人"，他把他们引上了正道 No, that's not the term you should use when you refer to a Tathagata, a being who's gone beyond, and so he sets them straight
他们成了第一批教徒,听他讲说在菩提树下悟到的真理 And they then become the first people to hear the content of what he realized under the Bodhi tree.
他最早的教义后来被称为 His first teaching would later be called
"让佛轮转起来" setting in motion the wheel of the dharma
因为佛陀的教义就是这样，第一次在世界上流传开来 because it brought the Buddha's message into the world for the first time
他没有提出任何教条 He did not propound a dogma
相反，他讲的是自身的体验 Instead, he spoke from his own experience out of his own heart
他了解对感官享受的放弃,以及苦行僧的苛刻 He had known the abandon of the sensualist and the rigors of the ascetic
现在他要反对这两种做法 Now he would disavow both of them
佛陀说, "我找到一条新的路径，不是苦行僧的路 The Buddha said, I've discovered a new way, and it's not the path of asceticism,
"也不是对感官的放纵，而是一条中间之道 And it's not the path of sensory indulgence, It's the middle way
佛陀常常做的是告诉大家，凡事要讲究均衡 What the Buddha was always doing was saying, Everything needs to be balanced.
中间之道就是讲究平衡,这边太多，那边太盛 So, you know, the middle way was always balancing between, you know, excesses on this side, excesses on the other side
[single note twangs Sitar strumming Soft sitar music]
"西塔琴调好了，跳出来的舞才漂亮 Fair goes the dancing when the sitar is tuned
"给我们调西塔琴，不能太高，也不能太低 Tune us the sitar neither high nor low
"这样大家就能尽情起舞 And we will dance away the hearts of men
[Note twangs discordantly]
"但是如果琴弦太紧会断，音乐也完了 But the string too tight breaks and the music dies
"如果琴弦太松就没有声音，更无音乐而言 The string too slack has no sound, and the music dies
有一个中间之道 There is a middle way
"把琴弦调的不高不低 Tune us the sitar neither low nor high
"我们就能尽情地跳舞" And we will dance away the hearts of men
通往觉悟的路径就是中间之道 The path to enlightenment lay along the middle way,
佛陀这么教，苦行僧们听着 The Buddha taught, and the ascetics listened
现在他来解答六年前的问题,这个问题使他踏上了精神之旅 Now he would answer the question that 6 years before had provoked his spiritual journey
受苦受难的问题 The question of suffering
佛教徒并没有创世纪的故事，也没有造物之神 Buddhists don't have a creation story. There is no creator deity
他们并不关心，不是个问题 It's not really of interest. It's not an issue.
他们感兴趣的是人类承受的苦难 What's of interest is the problem of human suffering
以及如何解决人类的苦难 And the solution to human suffering
其他几乎一切都是无关重要的 Pretty much everything else, all right, is beside the point
佛陀对苦难的分析,有四个方面，后来叫做四圣谛 The Buddha's analysis of suffering came in the form of what have come to be called the Four Noble Truths
没有戒律什么的 There is no commandments or anything
第一个圣谛是世间是苦果 The first Noble Truth is that there is suffering in this world
总的说来，这个苦难被人们误解了 Generally, this “suffering” has been mistranslated
"苦难"并不完全等同于佛陀所用的词 “suffering” is not entirely accurate to the word that the Buddha probably used
它相当近似于 不满的东西或事物 It means something closer to “dissatisfaction”
我们不是很高兴,或者说，既使我们高兴，可是转瞬即逝 That, you know, we're never quite happy, and if we are, that's gone in an instant, anyhow .
他说这种苦难，这种不满,不是自发的， 而是有原因的，是由我们自己的心造成的 And he says that this suffering, this unsatisfactoriness, doesn't arise by itself,It has causes. Our own mind causes it
第二个圣谛说苦是有根源的 While the second Noble Truth asserts that suffering has a cause,
第三个圣谛提出一个惊人的说法 The third Noble Truth makes an astonishing claim
人有可能从苦中解脱,只要你弄清楚了苦难的原因 You really can be free of suffering by understanding the cause of suffering
以前从来没有人提出来过，所以震动很大 But nobody tells you that, and so that was a huge announcement
问题在于欲望，佛陀如是说 The problem, Buddha taught, is desire,
如何与心中困惑的和纠结的欲望共处 How to live with the confused and entangling desires of our own minds
人们常常误解佛教，说 People often misunderstand Buddhism, as saying
要消除苦难，必须先消除欲望 In order to wipe out suffering, you have to wipe out desire
如果佛陀是这么说的话 If that was what the Buddha was saying,
那么想得到觉悟的欲望，该如何处置呢？ then where does the desire for enlightenment fit in, you know?
佛陀说的是，"对待欲望要聪明一点" The Buddha's saying, be smart about your desires
欲望是必须有的
如果没有欲望
我们该如何生活呢？
没有欲望，我们如何能达到佛的境界呢？
想要成佛的强烈欲望
但有些欲望…有害
不行，有害
第四个，也就是最后一个圣谛是 With the fourth and final Noble Truth,
佛陀列出一系列指示，让他的弟子去做 The Buddha laid out a series of instructions For his disciples to follow,
一条引导心灵通往觉悟的路径,叫做八正道 a way of leading the mind to enlightenment called the Noble Eightfold Path
培养道德纪律、警觉与智慧 The cultivation of moral discipline, mindfulness, and wisdom
这些是，在我看来 They are, as I like to think of them,
是一套有可能做到的方法 a set of possible recipes
你可以在自己的生活里尝试,看看哪一个能做出最美味的佳肴 that you can try on your own life and see which one makes the best soup
佛陀没有讲太久，但当他讲完 The Buddha didn't speak for long, but when he was finished
这五个持怀疑态度的苦行僧，已经被说服了 The 5 skeptical ascetics had been won over
他们成了佛陀最早的弟子 They became his first disciples
圣人在鹿野苑讲经的消息，很快就传开了 Word quickly spread of the sage teaching in the deer park at Sarnath
数百人赶来听讲并皈依为弟子 Hundreds came to hear him and became disciples, too
很多是有钱的商人或是他们的儿子 Many were wealthy merchants or their sons,
住在五英里外的一个繁旺的贸易中心 living just 5 miles away in a thriving trading center
就在恒河洽岸的贝拿勒斯圣城 On the Ganges, the holy city of Benares
[Bell clanging Men singing]
今天，贝拿勒斯是印度最神圣的城市,几千年来都是如此 Today Benares is the most sacred city in all of India, as it has been for millennia
甚至在佛陀以前也是如此,朝圣者来这里膜拜他们的神,到极乐圣河洗浴 Even before the time of the Buddha, pilgrims came here to worship their gods and bathe in the holy river of heaven
你看到人们到恒河洗浴净身 You see people purifying themselves bathing in the Ganges
你看到教士在主持仪式 You see priests performing rituals
你看到恒河上漂着尸体，因为这里是一生最好的终所 You see corpses because that's the best place to end one's life
在这里你看到一系列宗教活动，这类活动早在佛陀时代就有了 and much of it of the type that does go back to the Buddha's time So you see going on there a great range of religious activity,
[singing in native language]
今天恒河上的很多圣典,来源于婆罗门吠陀教士的古老做法 Many of today's sacred ceremonies on the Ganges echo the ancient practices of the Vedic priests, the Brahmans
在佛陀的时代, 唯有婆罗门可以在神与人之间斡旋 In the Buddha's day, only the Brahmans could mediate between the gods and men
只有他们才能主持祭司,据说这么做是为了维护宇宙 Only they could conduct the holy rituals that were said to preserve the universe itself
婆罗门僧侣处于严格的社会等级制度的顶端，印度的种姓制度 The Brahman priests stood at the pinnacle of a rigid social hierarchy, a sacred system of caste
婆罗门下面是武士 Beneath them were the warriors
佛陀属于这个种姓 The caste to which the Buddha belonged
武士下面是农夫 Below them were farmers
底层是奴隶，和更底层的是贱民 At the bottom were the servants, and, still lower, outcastes,
种姓制度并不光是社会惯例，而是根深蒂固于宇宙的本质 But rather, they're hardwired into the nature of the universe Those social groups are not merely social conventions,
你不得脱离自己的种姓 You're supposed to stay in that group
社会的存亡取决于你不停履行所属的种姓功能与你的社会地位相关的功能 And the survival of society depends upon your continuing to perform the function associated with that social status
佛陀丝毫不关心种姓制度 Caste was irrelevant to the Buddha
也不关心 各种维护宇宙秩序的祭司仪式 So were priestly rituals to preserve the universe
他的教义关注的是人的内心 His teachings focused on the universe within
佛陀说，你可以来自任何种姓 The Buddha said you could be from any caste
你的尊贵与否取决于你能否明白现实,取决于你是不是一个好人 You know, if you're a good person What makes you noble is if you understand reality
如果你有智慧，你就尊贵 If you're a wise person, then you're noble [Bird squawks]
随着时间流逝，一组虔诚的僧侣聚集在恒河边鹿野苑佛陀的身边 In time, a devoted gathering of monks formed around the Buddha at Sarnath, near the Ganges
这里的断石倒柱，见证着这里曾经有一个充满生机的修士社团，僧团 Broken stones and fallen pillars mark what remains of what grew to be a vibrant monastic community, the Sangha
佛陀花了好多年才找到自己的路 It took the Buddha many, many years to find his way
但是他不愿意别人也那么费劲 But he didn't want it to be so hard for people
所以他建立了僧团，僧侣们一起生活，互相帮助 And so he established a community who could live together and help one another
在一个仪式上，那是有关佛陀自身精神之旅的开端 In a ceremony evoking the beginning of the Buddha's own spiritual journey,
不同年龄初出茅庐的僧侣告别家人 加入僧团 Fledgling monks of all ages say good-bye to their families and homes and join the Sangha [Chanting Children repeating chant]
我去佛陀的庇护所 I go to the refuge of the Buddha
我去佛法的庇护所，我去僧团的庇护所 I go to the refuge of the dharma, and I go to the refuge of the Sangha
僧团体现了佛陀的经历和智慧 The Sangha is an embodiment of Buddha's experience and wisdom
如果人们也参与修行，结果会怎么样？ What happens if people practice this thing?
他们真的欢欣吗？他们真的喜悦吗？ Are they truly happy or not? Are they joyful or not?
所以我认为佛陀想留给世人，他的教义的一个最佳例子 So I think Buddha wanted to also leave a perfect example of his teaching,
一个人生的教义，一个能走的教义，一个能说的教义 an alive teaching, a teaching that walks, a teaching that can talk,
一个能笑的教义 A teaching that can laugh
所以，我说，僧团正是佛陀教义的活生生的例子 So I would say Sangha is just like a living example of Buddha's teaching
最初的僧团很激进 The first Sangha was a radical institution
对所有种姓的人开放 open to people of every caste and,
这在佛陀生活的时代是非同凡响的 remarkable for the times in which the Buddha lived
对男女都是如此 To both men and women
佛陀所处的文化对女性极不信任 The Buddha was part of a culture deeply suspicious of women
当时对女性的态度非常恶劣，很多事情女性都不能参与 The attitude towards women at the time was very critical, and many things were impossible for them
因此佛陀的行为具有划时代的意义 So that was a very revolutionary thing to do that in that times of India
通过把妇女收为尼姑，佛陀给与妇女机会，逃脱单调乏味的日常生活 By ordaining women as nuns, the Buddha gave women the chance to escape the drudgery of daily life
大多数妇女生活非常艰难，而进入僧团对他们来说是一种解放 Life was so hard for most women that entering the Sangha was a liberation,
这些我们从她们欣喜若狂，而又极度悲伤的诗词中能看出 as we know from their ecstatic, heartrending poems
"多么自由啊！多么自由啊！ So freed! So freed!
"我完全脱离了木杵的束缚 So thoroughly freed am I from my pestle,
"无耻的丈夫和他的遮阳功夫,长霉的锅和其水蛇般的臭味 My shameless husband, and his sunshade making my moldy old pot with its water snake smell
"所有的厌恶与至爱，我都挥刀而断 Aversion and passion I cut with a chop
"我来到大树下, 我静坐冥思，沉浸在极乐里 Having come to the foot of a tree, I meditate, absorbed in the bliss
"怎样的极乐啊！" What bliss [Bell tolls]
佛陀所教的极乐，也就是涅槃 Bliss, Nirvanna, the Buddha taught,
这种极乐可以通过静坐冥思，可以在一瞬间找到 could be found in the fleeting moment through the practice of meditation
佛陀给他的弟子展示，如何接受各种焦虑和欲望,通过留意这些感觉 The Buddha showed his followers how to come to terms with their own roiling thoughts and desires by paying attention to them,
通过更多意识，更加注意到这些感觉 by becoming aware, becoming mindful
有一首古老的诗这么说... 如锚似箭 As an ancient poem counsels, Like an archer an arrow
"智者固定住他颤抖的思想 The wise man steadies his trembling mind
"一件无常不息的武器" A fickle and restless weapon
很多时候我们的心都不够静 Many times, our mind is not peaceful enough
我们认识到也许我们有必要多了解自己的心灵 So we realize that perhaps we need to understand more about mind itself
以及如何平衡各种情绪，如何平衡我们的思想，以求获得更多的喜悦 and how to balance the emotions, how to balance our mind, and try to cultivate more happiness
困难在于我们内心 The difficulties come from within
人们通过思想体验意想不到的事情 One experiences unexpected things from one's mind
最危险、最深切的怀疑，对自身的怀疑，对佛陀的怀疑 The most dangerous skeptical doubts, doubts about one's self, doubts about the Buddha
对于身体，我们可以从食物 Physical is…we can get… from the food
从维生素片获得补充 and from the supplement of vitamins and …
然而对于思想来说，唯一，我们唯一能做的，唯一的灵丹 Yeah, and for the mind, this is the only way we have to …only medicine
静坐冥思的目的，不是为了消除愤怒，消除欲望，或者消除嫉妒 Meditation is not about getting rid of anger or getting rid of lust or getting rid of jealousy
即使当了僧人，我们仍然常常体验到愤怒 Even while becoming a monk, often we experience angers it happens
当人们取笑你，笑你是个秃头 And it often happens when people start teasing you, like, Shaven bald head person
反倒使我们认识到"噢，这种愤怒的情绪出现了，到底是什么呢？ OK，let's see, this anger arises. What is it? But it gives a good chance for us to realize that,
我们日常生活中经常发生的是， What most often happens in our ordinary life is that
每当我们体验到这些情感的时候，我们就深陷其中，受其纠缠 Whenever we experience these emotions, we get stuck into it. It starts twisting us.
但是佛要穿越其中，然而平静地从另一头出来 But Buddhism is going through inside it and getting out of it peacefully
我认为这样就带给我们更多喜悦 And I think that gives us more joy
使我们的人生更充实、更丰满 And that makes human life more full, more round
我们体验的不是片面的真理，而是所有万物的总和 It's not like …we are not living a partial truth, but it's like the whole of things together
理解这一点需要时间 It takes time to comprehend this
然后通过不停地修行，修行者越来越平衡，最终进入一种情绪非常镇定的状态 And then by practicing again and again the practitioner becomes very balanced, and one reaches a state of very strong equanimity
这种镇定的对象，包括对物质和精神事物 Equanimity towards the physical and mental objects
是通达顶峰的大本营 觉悟 And this is the base camp for the summit …enlightenment
“我洗完脚后”，一个弟子说 After washing my feet, a disciple said,
"看着水流入下水道 I watch the water going down the drain
"我很平静 I am calm
"我控制内心，像高贵的良马 I control my mind like a noble thoroughbred horse
"拿着灯，我走进房间 Taking a lamp, I enter my cell
"想着睡觉，我坐在床上 Thinking of sleep, I sit on my bed
"我按下灯芯，灯灭了--涅槃 I touch the wick. The lamp goes out: Nirvana
"我的心自由了 My mind is freed
佛陀教导我们，心如猴子静不下来 The mind is as restless as a monkey, the Buddha taught
你是谁，你对"自己"是怎么看的，这都在不断地变化 Who you are, what you think of as your “self” is constantly changing…
像河水，不停地流淌 Like a river, endlessly flowing
今天这件事，明天那件事 One thing today, another tomorrow
自己来了又去 The self comes, and the self goes.
河里有水，杯子里也有水。然后水又回到空气中，然后又回到河流中 There's water in a river, then there's water in a glass, and then the water is back in the air, and then it's back in the river.
水在那里，但那究竟是什么呢？ The water's there, but what is it?
这是佛教里思考自己的一种方法 That's a way to think about the self in Buddhism
此刻你很愤怒，下一刻你很高兴，你到底是谁？ One moment you're angry. The next moment you're laughing. Who are you
一粒种子变成一棵植物 A seed becomes a plant
一束束草可以做成绳子 Wisps of grass are spun into a rope
涓涓小溪可以汇成河流 A trickling stream turns into a river
只要留意一下，此事和彼刻之间 Simply notice how from one moment to another,
你自己其实并不是跟我们想象的完全一样 Your self is actually not as much the same as we think it is
佛陀认识到，我们可以消除这些根本的对以自我为中心的自身的误解 What the Buddha realizes is that if we can get rid of this fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of the self based on egotism,
我们不再会死死地拽住事物，不再会把每样事情都弄糟 we won't cling to things, we won't screw up everything we do
因为以前我们考虑事情的方式错了 Because we're thinking about it in the wrong way
一旦你不再把自己的情感集中在对自我的感觉上 Once you stop centering your feelings about your feelings on your self,
此时油然而生的是一种单纯的慈悲，对你自身苦难的慈悲,对别人遭受苦难的慈悲 What naturally arises is simple compassion, compassion for your own suffering, compassion for the suffering of others.
即使佛陀教义中最抽象的都有很实际很合乎道德的一面 Even the most abstract of the Buddha's teachings had a practical, ethical dimension.
佛陀教导我们，慈悲来自于对暂时、瞬间、流动的理解 Compassion, the Buddha taught, comes from understanding impermanence, transience, flow,
一样东西如何变成另一样 how one thing passes into another,
每件物品和每个人都是相连的 How everything and everyone is connected
此是，彼是 When this is, that is.
此现，彼现 From the arising of this comes the arising of that
此非，彼非 When this isn't, that isn't.
此消，彼消 From the cessation of this comes the cessation of that.
此跟彼总是相连的 This is always connected to that
每样东西都跟别的东西相连 Everything is connected to everything else.
你从来都不是孤立生活的 You never live by yourself
你生活在家庭、社会和文化当中，你总是不停地与其他人打交道 You live always within a family, a society, or culture. You constantly interact with other people
因此我们的快乐也取决于他们的快乐 So our happiness depends on their happiness as well
如果只有我们快乐，我们怎么可能快乐得起来呢？ How can we be happy if we are the only one happy in—on, you know,
如果我们是一片苦海，当中唯一一个快乐的小岛 Just an island of happiness within an ocean of misery
当然这是不可能的 Of course, that's not possible
慈悲促使佛陀把弟子送到千家万户 Compassion stirred the Buddha to send his monks out into the community
发誓保证贞洁和贫困，他们上路布道 Sworn to chastity and poverty, they wandered the roads,
把佛陀的教义传播到世界 bringing the Buddha's teachings into the world
"僧侣们，前进吧，为了普罗大众的快乐 Go forth, monks, for the happiness of the many,
"为了世间的慈悲 Out of compassion for the world
"有些人的眼睛蒙了灰尘 There are beings whose eyes have little dust on them
"如果他们听不到教义，他们就无法生存 who will perish if they do not hear the teaching
"但是如果他们听到了教义，他们就能得到解放" But if they hear the teaching, they will gain liberation
僧侣们靠乞讨化缘度日 The monks exist by begging
我们觉得乞讨是件坏事 We think of begging as kind of a bad thing
但乞讨在这个传统里是件好事，乞讨是精神纯净的象征 Begging in this tradition is a good thing. It's a sign of spiritual purity
你不能乞讨明天的午餐，只能乞讨今天的 You're not allowed to beg tomorrow's lunch today…only today's lunch
从正午到次日破晓之前不能进食 Then you can't eat from noon until dawn the next day
然后你又得出门乞讨下一顿午餐 Then you have to go out and get another lunch
而且为了午餐，你必须布道 And then in exchange for lunch, you give a lecture
除非他们说"我们不想听"，那你就不用讲了 Unless they say, We don't want to hear about it, then you don't. but that's the only thing…
这就迫使你必须跟尘世俗人交流 but that forces you to interact with the lay community
如果你不给他们提供服务，不为他们做有用的事情 And if you're not serving them, if you're not doing something useful for them,
他们就不往你的碗里放食物，你的布道区也就完了 they won't put anything in your bowl, and that will be the end of your community
佛陀自己也走到印度的东北部 The Buddha himself wandered across northeast India,
每到一处都教导和收纳弟子 teaching and gathering new disciples everywhere he went
要成为佛教徒，你并非一定得出家当僧人或尼姑 You didn't have to become a monk or nun to become a Buddhist
佛陀的教义是给所有人的 The Buddha's teachings were for everyone
"每样东西都在燃烧 Everything is burning
"什么在燃烧？ What is burning
"眼睛在燃烧 The eyes are burning
"眼睛所能看见的东西都在燃烧 Everything seen by the eyes is burning
"耳朵在燃烧 The ears are burning
"什么在燃烧？ What is burning
"耳朵能听到的所有东西都在燃烧 Everything heard by the ears is burning
"鼻子在燃烧 [Flute plays melody] The nose is burning
"气味着火了 Smells are ablaze
"舌头在燃烧 The tongue is burning
"味道着火了 Tastes are ablaze
"身体在燃烧 The body is burning
"思想在燃烧 The mind is burning
我们着火了，也许我们不知道，但我们的确着火了 We're on fire. We many not know it, but we're on fire
我们必须扑灭这个火 And we have to put that fire out
欲望使我们燃烧，强烈的愿望使我们燃烧 We're burning with desire, all right? We're burning with craving
一切东西，有关我们的一切都失去了控制 Everything…everything about us is out of control
佛陀接着谈到三种毒... The Buddha goes on to talk about the 3 poisons
贪欲、愤怒和无知 （贪嗔痴） Greed and anger and ignorance
以及这三种毒如何把火燃起 And how the 3 poisons are what is making the fire
解决问题的方法，不是否认这三种毒的存在 And the way out of doing this is not to deny the 3 poisons
而是认识到，如果你把它们转过来, 你就到了它们的反面 but to recognize that if you turn them around, you come to their opposites
你拥有慷慨而不是贪欲 Instead of greed, you have generosity
你拥有慈悲而不是愤怒 Instead of anger, you have compassion
你拥有智慧而不是无知 And instead of ignorance, you have wisdom
佛陀说"我可以简单概括我的教义 I can give my teachings in brief, the Buddha said
"我也可以详细地讲解 I can teach in detail
"难找到的是能听懂我的人" It is those who understand that are hard to find
传说人们来找佛陀，说 There are stories of people coming to the Buddha and saying,
"我要离弃你的教义 I am leaving your teaching
"因为你没有告诉我，人死以后是否有来世 because you have not told me about whether there is a life
"有没有另外一个世界" After death or whether there is another world
佛陀回答,我曾经说过，要给出这些问题的答案吗？ and the Buddha says, Did I ever say that I would give you the answer to these things?
"没有，佛祖，没有" No, lord, you didn't
"那你为什么认为我说过要给你提供这些问题的答案呢 Why do you think that I never said that I would give you the answer to these things?
"因为这些不是你需要知道的事情 Because these are not the things that you need to know
"你需要知道的是如何面对苦难 The thing that you need to know is how to deal with suffering,
"因为此时此刻，正是苦难使得你提出这个问题 because at this very moment, what made you ask that question was suffering
归根结底，佛陀是一个实用主义者 The Buddha was, above all, a pragmatist
他不指望跟随他的人，能明白他所说的一切 He did not expect his followers to agree with everything he said
他鼓励他们跟他辩论、争论、向他挑战 He encouraged them to debate and argue, to challenge him
佛陀说"我的随从不应该出于虔诚，而接受我的教义，而应该是出于自己的体验 Buddha said, my followers should not accept my teaching out of devotion but rather you own experiment
即使是佛陀本人，为了获得最终的觉悟也需要花大功夫 Even Buddha himself, in order to get final enlightenment, need hard work
因此，基于理性的调查，通过合乎逻辑的调查 So investigate based on reason through logical investigation
如果有什么观点与事实产生矛盾，用佛陀自己的话说 If something contradict in Buddha's own words
我们就有权利拒绝 Then we have the right to reject that
随着佛陀的弟子越来越多，有关他的奇迹的传说，混杂着非凡与平淡 As the Buddha gathered more and more followers, stories spread of his miracles, which mixed the marvelous with the mundane
有个故事讲的是五百根柴火，在佛陀的命令下自动裂开 One story tells how 500 pieces of firewood split at the Buddha's command
另一个故事讲的是一头发疯的大象，在大街上乱跑 In another, a mad elephant charged wildly down a street
把大家吓得四处飞奔 Forcing everyone to flee
唯有佛陀没有动，他静候着 Only the Buddha remained, quietly waiting
大象被佛陀散发出的仁慈感动，在他面前跪下 The elephant, overcome by the Buddha's radiant kindness, knelt before him,
佛陀拍了拍大象坚韧如皮革的象鼻 and the Buddha patted his leathery trunk
"奇迹"是什么意思呢？
奇迹就是我们意想不到的事情
我认为，一百年前
飞机，和诸多的
电脑，和这些东西
在他们眼里，这些都是奇迹
奇迹就是你无法理解的东西 Because miracle is something you cannot understand
所以，在本世纪 So now I think that within this century,
我们可能会发现新观点或新事实 We may find some new ideas or new facts
到目前为止，我们把所有的时间和精力都花费在对物质的研究上 So far, we spent all our energy and time for research on matter,
而非内心世界 not internal world
这个头骨空间很小，但是里头有很多奇妙的东西 This skull, a small space, but lot of mysterious things still there
渊博的知识海洋其实非常渺小，正如地球在宇宙中一样 The great field of knowledge is as tiny, as the earth is in the universe
我认为，很小，小如尘埃 I mean, it's a tiny ,it's a speck
而整个宇宙是我们所不懂的 And the …the universe is what we don't know
永远都会是如此 and it will always be that way
不管我们今后发现多少，永远都是如此 However much we find out, it will still be that way
因为未知更加无边无际… Because the unknown is vastly
跟我们有可能得知的相比，无法形容的浩瀚 It's unspeakably greater than anything we will ever know
有一个人们耳熟能详的奇迹 In one of the most storied miracles
佛陀在空中铺满珠宝的路上走着,他的身体喷出泉水，射出火焰，喷射到宇宙每个角落 The Buddha strode on a jeweled walkway suspended in midair while streams of water spouted and flames flashed from his body, shooting out to the very edge of the universe
佛陀坐在莲花座上讲经，他化作很多佛陀 And as the Buddha sat on a lotus flower giving his teachings, he replicated himself,
填满整个天空，让所有人目睹并惊叹 filling the sky with multitudes of Buddhas for all to see and wonder
我们应该一字不漏地全信？ Do we believe that literally?
我们是否一字不漏地全信，重要吗？ Does it matter whether we believe it literally?
很多这些有关奇迹的故事 What many of those miraculous stories are
讲的是百分百的奇迹 About is the sheer wonder of it all
我们在这个无边无际的时间和空间里聚集在一起，聚集在此刻，我们坐在这里讨论 The very fact that the whole of unknown time and space has led down to this…led to this very moment when we're sitting here talking…
我们坐在这里交谈，本身就完全是个奇迹 when we are sitting here talking to each other is utterly miraculous
坐在一个房间里，喝了一杯咖啡,从一个漂亮的青花瓷杯里喝到 Sitting here in a room, having had a cup of coffee, Having taken it out of a beautiful blue and white porcelain mug,
还有什么比这个更是奇迹呢？ What could be more miraculous than that?
我们身边每天的生活已经难以置信 Everyday life around us is already so implausible
是那么让人快乐，我们还需要更多的奇迹吗？ And so glorious, that what need for further miracles?
这就是佛陀的教义 And that's the teaching of the Buddha
这就是佛陀奇迹般的教义 That's the miraculous teaching of the Buddha
佛陀教导我们，暴力只会导致更多的暴力 Violence, the Buddha taught, always leads to more violence
"一个凶手会带来另一个凶手 To the slayer comes a slayer
"一个统治者会带来另一个统治者 To the conqueror comes a conqueror
"恶有恶报" He who plunders is plundered in turn
在佛陀的时代到处是战争 War was endemic in the Buddha's age
印度东北部战火不断 Ravaging northeast India again and again
尽管国王和大臣们向佛陀讨教 Although kings and their ministers sought his counsel,
佛陀没有给他们提供政治鸿图 the Buddha offered no grand political vision
他无力停止战争和杀戮 He was powerless to stop the killing and the fighting
就连他本国的男女老少，都被一个四处劫掠的国王杀害 Even the men, women, and children of his former kingdom were massacred by a marauding king
被赶进大坑，被大象踩死 Forced into pits and trampled by elephants
据说佛陀听到这个消息后沉默不语 It was said that the Buddha received the news in silence
数百人被杀害
佛陀那天非常伤心
佛陀也是个凡人
也有凡人的行为反应
所以有时候他也无能为力
他没能演绎一个奇迹
佛陀失败了，但是我们，跟佛陀一样，不停地失败 The Buddha failed, but we, as the Buddha, fail constantly, is our
我们苦难的一部分就是因为我们失败，我们意识到自己的失败 and part of our suffering is our failure, our recognition of our failure
佛陀不跟现实争斗 Buddhism doesn't argue with reality
任何时候都存在 觉悟的可能，随时也存在极度损害的可能 There will always be both the potential for awakening in any moment and the potential for incredible damage at any moment,
如果我们自欺欺人，认为自己已经超越这些 and if we fool ourselves into thinking we're past that
我们会造成无法形容的损害 We will do incredible damage
佛陀说"变化必须来自于内心" Change, the Buddha said, must come from within
佛陀从内心着手，从内心的暴力谈起 The Buddha starts always with the mind and talks about the violence in the mind
他说，人世间的暴力均是内心暴力所致 and says that violence in the world is a result of violence in the mind
树长在根上 A tree lives on its roots
如果你改变了根，树也就变了 If you change the root, you change the tree
文化存在于人类世界 Culture lives in human beings
如果你改变人的内心，文化也会跟着改变 If you change the human heart, the culture will follow.
几十年来，佛陀传授他的教义 在整个印度的东北部 For decades, the Buddha shared his teachings all across northeastern India
他教导"让万物欢欣，无论大小，无论强弱…， Let all beings be happy, he taught, weak or strong, great or small
让我们像母亲珍爱独子那样，珍爱世间万物" Let us cherish all creatures, as a mother her only child
直到八十岁他仍身穿僧袍，光着脚走了很多路 Barefoot in his robes, he was still walking the road when he was 80,
但是他老了 but old age was upon him
他腰酸，肚子也经常疼痛 His back hurt. His stomach was often in pain
"我老了，累垮了"，他对一个亲近的弟子说 I am old, worn out, he told a trusted disciple
"像一辆破旧手推车，全靠一些单薄的条子捆在一起" Like a dilapidated cart held together with thin straps
他说，这个世界是如此美好， The world is so sweet, he said,
他很想至少再活上一个世纪 that he could understand wanting to live for at least another century
但是他现在劳累脆弱 But he was frail and exhausted
他病倒在拘师那迦 He became ill near Kushinagar
这是尼泊尔边境上，一个偏远的村庄 A remote village near the border of Nepal
这里别人给他一顿饭，结果是致命的 When he was offered a meal which would prove deadly
食物已经变质 The food was spoiled
他把收到的食物吃了 He ate what was offered to him,
据说他知道食物馊了 and it's said that he knew it was bad,
但他还是吃了，因为别人给了他 but he took it anyway because it was offered
他不想让布施的人难堪 and didn't want the person who offered it to feel bad,
因为他的时候到了 Because it was his time
今天，朝圣者非常敬重拘师那迦 Today kushinagar is revered by pilgrims
因为这里是佛陀圆寂的地方 As the place where the Buddha finally left the world
佛陀是在居师那迦病倒的，吩咐把他侧身埋在一片清净的娑罗树林里 It was in Kushinagar where he grew weak and asked to be laid on his side in a quiet grove of sal trees
佛陀即将圆寂之际，他的弟子开始哭泣，非常悲痛 As he neared the end, his disciples began to weep, stricken with grief.
但是佛陀安慰他们 But the Buddha reassured them
他说"万物都会变化 All things change, he said
"世间万物有生就有灭" Whatever is born is subject to decay
他说这是一种自然现象 He's saying this is a natural process
他叫弟子们，把花在这里的时间和精力，用于他们自己的开悟 He tells his disciples, use this time, use the energy here, even this, for your own awakening.
因此，他把自己的圆寂和弟子们的悲痛，用来提醒他们最终的任务是什么 So he used even his own death and their sadness as a time to remind them of what their real task was.
他实际上，是在邀请那些他亲近的人，进入这种体验 What he's actually doing is inviting those who are close to him into the experience
我不认为佛陀的教义，在任何意义上反对悲伤、哀痛或者失去亲友 I don't think the Buddha's teaching in any way argues against grief or sadness or loss
他的教义，如果说有意义的话，必须在平常的环境和平常生活当中有意义 The teachings, if they make any sense, have to make sense in ordinary circumstances, in ordinary lives
对平常人来说，我们失去亲友时会哀痛 And in ordinary lives, we grieve when we lose.
我们会非常伤心
受伤时，我们大叫"哎唷" We…when it hurts, we say, Ouch
佛教试图让人们看清事物的本质 Buddhism is trying to look at things the way they are,
本来是如何，就是如何 The way it is, just as it is.
我们哀痛，这就是生活，这就是我们的生活 It hurts. this is life. This is our life
我们跟生命的关系包括失去生命 And our relation to life involves losing it, too
这是你无法超越的 You don't get beyond these things
根本无法超越 You don't get beyond them
感觉到常人的感觉是很正常的 It's all right to feel what human beings feel,
在我们修习佛学时，我们并非得变成麻木的石头或树木 And we are not supposed to turn into rocks or trees when we practice Buddhism
佛教徒同样可以欢笑、痛哭、起舞、狂喜，甚至感到绝望 Buddhist laugh, cry, dance, feel ecstasy, probably even feel despair.
我们就是这样认知世界的 It is how we know the world
我们就是这样生活在内心世界，而不是导自己的内心隔离 It is how we live inside of our hearts and not dissociated from them
佛陀一直在告别 The Buddha had always been saying good bye
现在他将永远离开人世 Now he prepared to leave the earth forever.
他再也不会重生，再也不会死亡 He would never be reborn, never die again.
佛陀跟弟子们说，"也许我走了以后 It may be that after I am gone, the Buddha told his disciples
"你们当中会有人说，我们现在没有老师了！ That some of you will think, now we have no teacher
"但是你们不应该这么看 But that is not how you should see it
"让我教给你们的佛法和戒律成为你们的老师 Let the dharma and the discipline that I have taught you be your teacher
"所有的个体事物都会消亡 All individual things pass away.
"不辞辛苦地继续努力" Strive on, untiringly.
这就是佛陀的遗言 These were the Buddha's last words
佛陀安详地圆寂 The Buddha died peacefully
他的头朝北，脸朝西 His head was pointed to the north, his face to the west
很多故事都讲到地动山摇，树木突然开花 The stories tell how the earth shook, and the trees suddenly burst into bloom…
花瓣洒落在佛陀一动不动的躯体上，花瓣是由于尊敬而撒落下来 Their petals falling gently on his still body, Falling out of reverence
神赐的珊瑚花和神赐的檀香木粉末从天上飘下 Divine coral flowers and divine sandalwood powders
落在佛陀的身上，这是出于尊敬 Fell from above on the Buddha's body Out of reverence
他的弟子都很伤心 His disciples were quite upset
"没有了老师，我们怎么办？ What are we going to do without our teacher?
"没有了老师，我们就没有了方向" We will be lost without our teacher
然而佛陀的指示非常简单明了 But his instruction was so simple and so clear
"我不是你们的灯，我不是你们的主 I am not your light. I am not your authority
"你们已经跟随我很久了，现在做你们自己的灯吧 You've been with me a long time now. Be your own light
佛陀把生和死看作是不可分割的东西 The Buddha saw death and life as inseparable
这是同一样东西的两个面 These are two sides of the same thing
死亡永远伴随着我们 Death is always with us
死亡是我们一无所知的一部分 Death is part of the whole large unknown
如果我们不能以微笑面对未知的世界 And if we are unable to smile at the idea of the unknown,
我们的麻烦就大了 we're in real trouble.
这就是佛陀所讲的现实主义 That's the realism that the Buddha was talking about,
要接受现实 Trying to come to terms with reality
他二十九岁还是悉达多王子的时候 When he was 29 and still Prince Siddhartha
佛陀离开妻子、孩子和家人 The Buddha had left his wife, child , and family
为的是要理解苦难的本质 to try and understand the nature of suffering
他得到开悟，他把自己的真知跟别人分享 He had attained enlightenment, shared what he had learned
留下一条路径给别人跟随 And left a path for others to follow
现在他走了 Now he was gone
但是他在圆寂以前要求弟子 But before he died, he had asked his followers
通过朝圣来纪念他，到他圆寂的地方朝圣 To remember him by making pilgrimage …to the place of his death
到他最初讲经的地方朝圣 To where he gave his first teachings
到他开悟的地方朝圣 Where he achieved enlightenment
到他出生的地方朝圣 And where he was born
这四个地方勾勒出一个神圣的传记 Those 4 places mark out a sacred biography
通过这条朝圣之路 And in tracing that pilgrimage route
你能学到佛陀的生平故事 You are learning the story of that life
在朝圣之地，修建了庙宇 At places of pilgrimage, temples were built
装上了画像，供奉了圣者的遗物 Images were installed, and relics were enshrined
百万的朝圣者从中得到无穷的灵感和鼓舞 [Dalai lama]
佛陀的精神永远在这些地方
但是佛陀真正的神圣之处
是在每个人的内心
这非常重要
佛陀真正的神圣之处
我们必须把它修建于体内
修建在我们内心
尽管佛陀曾经预言，他的教义如同万事万物，最终会消失 Although the Buddha had predicted that his teachings, like everything eles,would in time disappear,
佛教在印度已经盛行一千五百年 Buddhism flourished in India for 1500 years,
传播到斯里兰卡、中亚和东南亚、西藏、中国、韩国和日本 spread into Sri Lanka, central and southeast Asia, Tibet, China, Korea, Japan,
而且，二十世纪传播到欧美 And in the 20th century, to Europe and the Americas,
不管传播到什么地方，变成不同的形态，吸引着千百万善男信女 Adapting different forms and shapes wherever it took root, attracting many millions of men and women
他们修习佛陀的教义 在僧门寺庙内外 who practice the Buddha's teachings both within and outside the monastic community
但是无论何地，无论何时 佛陀故事的精髓保持不变 But everywhere and in every age, the essence of the story remains the same
佛陀说我们把世界，变成一个充满痛苦的地方 The Buddha said that we're turned this world into a painful place,
而这个世界并不需要充满痛苦 and this world does not have to be a painful place
人世间可以住满佛陀 This world can be a world inhabited by Buddhas
关键是靠我们把自己修炼成佛 But it's up to each one of us to turn ourselves into a Buddha
这是真的，这是我们要做的 That's really…that's the work
如果佛陀不是你 If the Buddha is not you,
最后，你对佛陀不感兴趣 finally, the Buddha is of no interest to you
佛陀是… The Buddha is
你对佛陀感兴趣，因为你就是佛陀 The Buddha is of such interest to you because you are the Buddha
任何有感知的生物，甚至昆虫
都有佛性
佛陀的种子
也就是开悟的种子
因此
没有理由要相信
有些生灵
无法变成佛陀
就是这样
据说佛陀的脚印被保存下来，保存在印度或者尼泊尔的某个圣地 I know that there are supposed to be preserved footprints of the Buddha which are kept in one of the sacred places in India or Nepal,
其实，可能就在你的脚下 And, you know, you can stand in them,
若你正好站在那儿，也许你会意识，到"啊，十个脚趾头，我也有" and if you stand in them, maybe you realize, Ah, 10 toes. Me too
有个关于婆罗门的故事，有一天，他看见佛陀在树下平静地冥思 There is a story of a Brahman who one day found the Buddha under a tree, calmly meditating
佛陀心如止水 The Buddha's mind was still
他散发出巨大的力量让婆罗门想到一头长牙大象 He radiated such power and strength that the Brahman was reminded of a tusker elephant
婆罗门问佛陀是谁 The Brahman asked him who he was
佛陀回答"想像一朵荷花在水下开始生长 Imagine a lotus that had begun life underwater, the Buddha replied…
它长出水面，亭亭玉立，自由自在 But grew and rose above the surface until it stood free.
"我呢，也是这样，已经超脱了这个世界 并获得了最终的智慧 So I, too, have transcended the world and attained the supreme enlightenment
婆罗门又问"那你到底是谁？" Who are you then? The Brahman wondered
佛陀说"记住我，我就是那个觉醒了的人" Remember me, the Buddha said, as the one who woke up
[根据原视频中的sub字幕， 重新打印，努力给英语学习者给佛学者提供帮助cym2020]
本节目的主要资金来源于 Major funding for this program provided by:
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因为民主需要智慧 because democracy demands wisdom
何鸿毅家族基金 THE ROBERT H.N.HO FAMILY FOUNDATION
其他资金来源于 Additional funding provided by
戴维斯基金会 by the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations
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真如苑基金会、奔帕基金会
和鲁宾基金会
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